Introduction to Python Programming

1. Numerical Computation

Simple Arithmetic Calculations

Integers and Real Numbers

Arithmetic Operators

Whitespace

Errors

Mathematical Functions (Importing Modules)

Practice

2. Basics of Variables and Functions

Variables

Function Definitions and Return Values

Local Variables

Global Variables

print and return

Comments and Blank Lines

How to Call Functions

Practice

3. Logic and Conditionals

Conditional Branching with the if Statement

Various Conditions

Functions That Return Boolean Values

Objects

None

Recursion

Practice

4. Tests

Specifications, Testing, and Debugging

The assert Statement

Classification of Errors

Concrete Examples of Debugging

Coding Style

Practice

5. Strings

Strings and Indexing

Strings and Slicing

Empty Strings

Searching Strings

Escape Sequences

Displaying and Entering Backslashes

String Concatenation

Strings and Methods

Comparison Operations on Strings

Variables and Strings

Practice

6. Lists

Lists and Indexing

Nested Lists

Functions, Operators, and Methods for Lists

Destructive Operations and Non-Destructive Creation

Manipulating Lists

Converting Between Lists and Strings

Tuples

Multiple Assignment

Comparison Operations for Lists and Tuples

Iteration with for Statements and Lists / Tuples

Iteration with for Statements and Strings

List Initialization Using for

Object Equality and Identity

Practice

7. Conditional Branching

Syntax Based on Indentation

Conditional Branching with if … else

Conditional Branching with if … elif … else

Multi-Line Conditional Expressions

Evaluation of Conditions in if … elif … else

Evaluation of Conditions Combined with or and and

Ternary Operator

Practice

8. Dictionary

Dictionary Methods

Dictionaries and Lists

9. Loops (Iteration)

Iteration with the for Statement

Iteration with the for Statement and Dictionaries

range

range and Lists

Nested for Statements

Computational Complexity of for Loops

enumerate

in

Iteration with the while Statement

Control Flow and the return Statement

The break Statement

The continue Statement

else in for and while Statements

The pass Statement

Practice

10. Functions

Function Definitions

Arguments

Return Values

Multiple Arguments

Variables and Scope

Keyword Arguments

Variable-Length Arguments

Dictionary Arguments

Argument Order

Functions as Variables (First-Class Functions)

Practice

11. File Input and Output

Opening Files

Closing Files

Reading Lines

Reading an Entire File

Behavior of Files Being Edited

The with Statement for Files

Writing to Files

Specifying Character Encoding for File I/O

Removing Newline Characters

Practice

12. Iterations

Iteration with the for Statement and File Objects

The for Statement, Iterables, and Iterators

iter

next

How the for Statement Works

Iterators Are a Special Kind of Iterable

File Objects Are Iterators

Iterables Are Not Iterators

enumerate Returns an Iterator

Definitions of Iterables and Iterators

Practice

13. Directories and Tree Structures

Directories and Hierarchical Structure

Current Working Directory

Paths

Tree Structure

Tree Structures as Data Representations

Practice

14. Using Modules

Importing Modules

The from Statement

The as Keyword

Practice

15. Creating Modules

Module Files

Using Custom (User-Defined) Modules

Practice

16. The NumPy Library

Creating Arrays

Array-Creation Functions

Manipulating Array Elements

Element-wise Operations

Common Array Operations

Saving and Loading Arrays

Boolean Indexing with Boolean Arrays

Linear Algebra Operations

Practice

17. Comprehensions

List Comprehensions

Nested Comprehensions

Conditional Comprehensions

Set Comprehensions

Dictionary Comprehensions

Generator Expressions

Practice

18. Higher-Order Functions

max

sorted

Lambda Expressions

From Lists to Iterables

map

filter

Practice

19. Classes

Class Definitions

Initialization and Attributes

Inheritance

Special Methods

Modifying Behavior Through Inheritance

Supporting the with Statement

Practice

20. The pandas Library

Series and DataFrames

Creating Series

Creating DataFrames

Creating DataFrames from CSV Files

Accessing Data

Conditional Data Selection

Adding and Removing Columns

Adding and Removing Rows

Sorting Data

Descriptive Statistics

Concatenating Data

Merging / Joining Data

Grouping Data

Handling Missing Values and Time Series Data

Practice

21. The scikit-learn Library

Introduction to Machine Learning

Supervised Learning

Unsupervised Learning

Data

Fundamentals of Model Training

Example of Supervised Learning: Classification

Example of Supervised Learning: Regression

Example of Unsupervised Learning: Clustering

Example of Unsupervised Learning: Dimensionality Reduction

Practice

22. Sets

Built-in Functions for Sets

Set Operations

Comparison Operations

Set Methods

Practice

23. Recursion

Prefix Lists and Suffix Lists

Computing Powers

Merge Sort

Practice

24. Basic Data Visualization

matplotlib

Line Plots

Scatter Plots

Bar Charts

Practice

25. The Matplotlib Library

Line Plots

Scatter Plots

Bar Charts

Histograms

Heatmaps

Exporting Graphs as Image Files

Practice

26. CSV File Input and Output

What Is the CSV Format?

Reading CSV Files

Using for Statements with CSV Files

Using the with Statement for CSV Files

Writing CSV Files

Practice

27. Python Scripts and Command-Line Execution

Concrete Examples of Command-Line Execution

Command-Line Arguments

Executing Modules from the Command Line

Declarations at the Beginning of Source Files

Practice

28. Regular Expressions

Basics of Regular Expressions

Character Classes

Basic Functions for Regular Expressions

Other Repetition Operators

Metacharacters

Escape Sequences in Regular Expressions

Functions and Methods for Regular Expressions

Practice

29. Differential Equations in Python

Discrete Systems with Python

Simulate Differential Equations in Python

Solving Differential Equations in Python

Next: Maths Speedrun